Holidays and time-zone names

This page lists the holiday names you can use as dates, and the time-zone abbreviations, cities and countries Varlig Calc recognises. Use the holiday table to check a name and how its date is worked out. Use the time-zone tables to see which zone a code or place stands for before you convert a time.

For working with dates, see Dates and the calendar. For converting times between zones, see Time zones.

Named holidays

Use a holiday name anywhere you would write a date. Add a year to pick a particular one (Easter 2027); without a year, you get this year’s date. Names aren’t case-sensitive, and apostrophes are optional, so New Year's Day and new years day both work.

Ramadan uses the Umm al-Qura Islamic calendar. Because an Islamic day starts at sunset, the date given for Ramadan is the evening it begins, and the date for the end of Ramadan is the evening Eid al-Fitr begins.

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Easter 2025 gives April 20, 2025

Thanksgiving 2025 gives November 27, 2025

weekday on Christmas 2025 gives Thursday

days between Thanksgiving 2025 and Christmas 2025 gives 28 days

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Easter gives April 5

days until Christmas gives 100 days

Supported years

• Fixed-date holidays, Thanksgiving and Black Friday work for any four-digit year.
• Easter and the days around it work from 1583.
• Holidays from the Chinese, Hebrew, Islamic and Julian calendars work from 1583 to 9998, and Hanukkah up to 6238.

Outside these years, the line shows a calculation limit error.

Time-zone abbreviations

Most abbreviations stand for a place rather than a fixed offset. The calculator applies that place’s daylight-saving rules for the date in your calculation, or for today if the line has no date. So a summer-time code such as EDT and its standard-time partner EST give the same answer on the same date. The table shows the offset each code works out to in January and in July. Codes marked “fixed offset” never change.

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January 15, 2027 9:00 EST in UTC gives January 15, 2027 at 2:00 PM

July 15, 2027 9:00 EST in UTC gives July 15, 2027 at 1:00 PM

July 15, 2027 9:00 AEST in Tokyo gives July 15, 2027 at 8:00 AM

To keep an offset fixed whatever the date, write it as an offset, such as UTC-5.

A few codes behave differently from what you might expect:

• CST is US Central time, IST is India, GST is the Gulf and AST is Atlantic time.
• BST is British time, so it’s UTC+0 in winter.
• Indonesia has three codes: WIB for the west, including Jakarta (UTC+7), WITA for the centre, including Bali (UTC+8), and WIT for the east (UTC+9).
• MSD, Moscow summer time, is UTC+4 on summer dates before 2011, when Moscow still changed its clocks. On other dates it follows Moscow’s own clocks, which today means UTC+3, the same as MSK.

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July 15, 2010 9:00 MSD in UTC gives July 15, 2010 at 5:00 AM

June 16, 2025 9:00 WIT in London gives June 16, 2025 at 1:00 AM

A time without a date converted to UTC is shown on the 24-hour clock, so 3pm WIT in UTC gives 06:00.

Write abbreviations in capitals. Lower case usually works, but it can clash with other words: cot is the cotangent function and sin is sine.

Place names

These names and airport codes work in any mix of upper and lower case, except SIN, UK, ET, CT, MT and PT, which must be in capitals.

You can also use:

• Any IANA time-zone identifier, such as Europe/Berlin or America/New_York. You can type a space instead of an underscore: America/New York.
• Any city that ends an IANA identifier, if the name is unambiguous: Vienna, Kathmandu, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Toronto, Mexico City, Hong Kong, Cairo.
• The cities and countries below, for places that aren’t in an IANA identifier.
• An offset from UTC or GMT, with or without minutes: UTC+2, GMT+8, UTC-3, UTC+5:30, UTC+05:30.

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9am SIN in Tokyo gives 10:00 AM

3pm Kathmandu in Kolkata gives 2:45 PM

3pm UTC+2 in GMT+8 gives 9:00 PM

March 2, 2027 9am London in New York gives March 2, 2027 at 4:00 AM

March 2, 2027 9am UK time in New York gives March 2, 2027 at 4:00 AM

March 2, 2027 9am Mumbai in Boston gives March 1, 2027 at 10:30 PM

Cities and countries

About 150 big cities, countries and US states work as time zones even though they aren’t IANA names, in any mix of upper and lower case. Each name uses the zone in the right-hand column, so Munich follows Berlin’s clocks and Bali follows Makassar’s.

Asia and the Middle East

Europe

The Americas

Africa and Oceania

A few things to know when you name a place:

• Add time after a place if it reads better. 9am UK time in New York and 2pm PT in UK time convert in the same way as 9am London in New York.
• Write names without accents or full stops. Sao Paulo, Zurich, Krakow, Washington DC and St Petersburg work; São Paulo and Zürich don’t.
• Names shared by places in different zones aren’t built in. Portland, San Jose and Valencia could each mean more than one city, so name a larger city in the zone you mean, such as Los Angeles or Madrid.
• A place that isn’t recognised shows an error instead of an answer, such as unknown time zone: Bostn, so check the spelling against these lists.